The research time span covered by the report is from 2019 to 2030; it provides an overview of the Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Market and also provides a deeper in-depth segmentation of the market by regions, product type and downstream industries.
The global Neck and Shoulder Massager market size in 2023 is xx million US dollars, and it is expected to be xx million US dollars by 2030, with a compound annual growth rate of xx% expected in 2024-2030.
MARKET COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE:
The main players in the Neck and Shoulder Massager market include OGAWA, Inada, BODYFRIEND, Panasonic, and OSIM International. The share of the top 3 players in the Neck and Shoulder Massager market is xx%.
REGION SHARE:
The report covers the market size information of North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa, and North America accounted for xx%, Europe accounted for xx% of Neck and Shoulder Massager market, and Asia Pacific accounted for xx%.
SEGMENT OVERVIEW:
The report segments the market by Type and Application. Electronic Devices accounted for xx% of Neck and Shoulder Massager market in 2023. Manual Devices share of xx%.
Commercial accounted for xx% of the Neck and Shoulder Massager market in 2023. Residential accounts for xx%.
For competitive landscape, prominent players with considerable market shares are comprehensively analyzed in this report. With information regarding the concentration ratio and detailed data reflecting the market performance of each player shared, the readers can acquire a holistic view of the competitive situation and a better understanding of their competitors.
As the COVID-19 takes over the world, we are continuously tracking the changes in the markets. We analyzed the impact of the pandemic in detail, along with other key factors, such as macro-economy, regional conflicts, industry related news and policies. Meanwhile, market investment scenario, technology status and developments, supply chain challenges, among other essential research elements are all covered.
Key Factors Considered:
COVID-19
The report describes the market scenario during and post the pandemic in the vision of upstream, major market participants, downstream major customers, etc. Other aspects, such as changes in consumer behavior, demand, transport capacity, trade flow under COVID-19, have also been taken into consideration during the process of the research.
Regional Conflict / Russia-Ukraine War
The report also presents the impact of regional conflict on this market in an effort to aid the readers to understand how the market has been adversely influenced and how it”s going to evolve in the years to come.
Challenges & Opportunities
Factors that may help create opportunities and boost profits for market players, as well as challenges that may restrain or even pose a threat to the development of the players, are revealed in the report, which can shed a light on strategic decisions and implementation.
Chapter Outline
Chapter 1: Introduces the product overview, market scope, product classification, application, and regional division, and then includes inflation analysis, the impact of the Russo-Ukrainian war on the market, and the global impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19).
Chapter 2: Analysis of the competitive environment of Neck and Shoulder Massager market participants. This mainly includes the revenue, production, market share, and average price of the top players, along with the players” M&A and expansion in recent years.
Chapter 3: Analyzes the main companies in the Neck and Shoulder Massager industry, including their main businesses, products/services, production, prices, value, gross margin, and the latest developments.
Chapters 4-5: Segmented the global Neck and Shoulder Massager market by type, and application. Analyze the value, volume and price of market segments from different perspectives.
Chapters 6-7: Provide global Neck and Shoulder Massager market production status, consumption status and SWOT Analysis by region.
Chapter 8: Analyzes the Neck and Shoulder Massager industry chain, including raw material analysis, sales and marketing, distributors and major downstream buyers.
Chapter 9: Introduces the market dynamics, the trends factors and drivers factors of the market, and the challenges and restraints faced by manufacturers in the industry, and includes market technology analysis.
Chapter 10: The main points and conclusions of the report.
Chapter 11: Concludes with an explanation of the data sources and research methods.
Highlights-Regions
North America
United States
Canada
Europe
Germany
France
UK
Italy
Russia
Spain
Nordic
Asia Pacific
China
Japan
South Korea
India
Southeast Asia
Australia
Latin America
Brazil
Mexico
Argentina
Middle East & Africa
Egypt
South Africa
UAE
Turkey
Saudi Arabia
Player list
OGAWA
Inada
BODYFRIEND
Panasonic
OSIM International
Rotai
Daito-THRIVE
HoMedics
Casada
Beurer
Human Touch
HealthmateForever
JSB Healthcare
Types list
Electronic Devices
Manual Devices
Application list
Commercial
Residential
Table of Content
1 Study Coverage
1.1 Neck and Shoulder Massager Product Introduction
1.2 Market by Type
1.2.1 Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030
1.3 Market by Application
1.3.1 Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030
1.4 Study Objectives
1.5 Years Considered
1.6 Inflation Analysis
1.7 The Impact of the Russian-Ukrainian War on the Market
1.8 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Impact on Global
2 Competition by Players
2.1 Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Production by Players
2.1.1 Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Production by Players (2019-2024)
2.1.2 Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Production Market Share by Players (2019-2024)
2.1.3 Global Top 5 and Top 10 Largest Players of Neck and Shoulder Massager in 2024
2.2 Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Revenue by Players
2.2.1 Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Revenue by Players (2019-2024)
2.2.2 Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Revenue Market Share by Players (2019-2024)
2.2.3 Global Top 5 and Top 10 Companies by Neck and Shoulder Massager Revenue in 2024
2.3 Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Production Price by Players
2.4 Analysis of Competitive Landscape
2.4.1 Players Market Concentration Ratio (CR5)
2.4.2 Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Players Geographical Distribution
2.5 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
3 Company Overview
3.1 OGAWA
3.1.1 OGAWA Information
3.1.2 OGAWA Overview
3.1.3 OGAWA Neck and Shoulder Massager Production, Price, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
3.1.4 OGAWA Related Developments
3.2 Inada
3.2.1 Inada Information
3.2.2 Inada Overview
3.2.3 Inada Neck and Shoulder Massager Production, Price, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
3.2.4 Inada Related Developments
3.3 BODYFRIEND
3.3.1 BODYFRIEND Information
3.3.2 BODYFRIEND Overview
3.3.3 BODYFRIEND Neck and Shoulder Massager Production, Price, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
3.3.4 BODYFRIEND Related Developments
3.4 Panasonic
3.4.1 Panasonic Information
3.4.2 Panasonic Overview
3.4.3 Panasonic Neck and Shoulder Massager Production, Price, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
3.4.4 Panasonic Related Developments
3.5 OSIM International
3.5.1 OSIM International Information
3.5.2 OSIM International Overview
3.5.3 OSIM International Neck and Shoulder Massager Production, Price, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
3.5.4 OSIM International Related Developments
3.6 Rotai
3.6.1 Rotai Information
3.6.2 Rotai Overview
3.6.3 Rotai Neck and Shoulder Massager Production, Price, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
3.6.4 Rotai Related Developments
3.7 Daito-THRIVE
3.7.1 Daito-THRIVE Information
3.7.2 Daito-THRIVE Overview
3.7.3 Daito-THRIVE Neck and Shoulder Massager Production, Price, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
3.7.4 Daito-THRIVE Related Developments
3.8 HoMedics
3.8.1 HoMedics Information
3.8.2 HoMedics Overview
3.8.3 HoMedics Neck and Shoulder Massager Production, Price, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
3.8.4 HoMedics Related Developments
3.9 Casada
3.9.1 Casada Information
3.9.2 Casada Overview
3.9.3 Casada Neck and Shoulder Massager Production, Price, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
3.9.4 Casada Related Developments
3.10 Beurer
3.10.1 Beurer Information
3.10.2 Beurer Overview
3.10.3 Beurer Neck and Shoulder Massager Production, Price, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
3.10.4 Beurer Related Developments
3.11 Human Touch
3.11.1 Human Touch Information
3.11.2 Human Touch Overview
3.11.3 Human Touch Neck and Shoulder Massager Production, Price, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
3.11.4 Human Touch Related Developments
3.12 HealthmateForever
3.12.1 HealthmateForever Information
3.12.2 HealthmateForever Overview
3.12.3 HealthmateForever Neck and Shoulder Massager Production, Price, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
3.12.4 HealthmateForever Related Developments
3.13 JSB Healthcare
3.13.1 JSB Healthcare Information
3.13.2 JSB Healthcare Overview
3.13.3 JSB Healthcare Neck and Shoulder Massager Production, Price, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
3.13.4 JSB Healthcare Related Developments
4 Market Size by Type
4.1 Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Production by Type
4.1.1 Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Production by Type (2019-2024)
4.1.2 Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Forecasted Production by Type (2024-2030)
4.2 Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Value by Type
4.2.1 Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Value by Type (2019-2024)
4.2.2 Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Forecasted Value by Type (2024-2030)
4.3 Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Price by Type
4.3.1 Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Price by Type (2019-2024)
4.3.2 Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Price Forecast by Type (2024-2030)
5 Market Size by Application
5.1 Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Consumption by Application
5.1.1 Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Consumption by Application (2019-2024)
5.1.2 Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Forecasted Consumption by Application (2024-2030)
5.2 Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Revenue by Application
5.2.1 Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Revenue by Application (2019-2024)
5.2.2 Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Forecasted Revenue by Application (2024-2030)
5.3 Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Price by Application
5.3.1 Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Price by Application (2019-2024)
5.3.2 Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Price Forecast by Application (2024-2030)
6 Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Production
6.1 Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Production (2019-2030)
6.2 Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Production by Region: 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030
6.3 Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Production by Region
6.3.1 Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Historic Production by Region (2019-2024)
6.3.2 Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Historic Value by Region (2019-2024)
6.3.3 Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Forecasted Production by Region (2024-2030)
6.3.4 Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Forecasted Value by Region (2024-2030)
6.4 North America
6.4.1 North America Neck and Shoulder Massager Production, Price, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
6.4.2 North America SWOT Analysis
6.5 Europe
6.5.1 Europe Neck and Shoulder Massager Production, Price, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
6.5.2 Europe SWOT Analysis
6.6 China
6.6.1 China Neck and Shoulder Massager Production, Price, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
6.6.2 China SWOT Analysis
6.7 Japan
6.7.1 Japan Neck and Shoulder Massager Production, Price, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
6.7.2 Japan SWOT Analysis
7 Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Market Insights Estimates and Forecasts
7.1 Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Sales Estimates and Forecasts 2019-2030
7.2 Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Sales by Region: 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030
7.3 Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Sales by Region
7.3.1 Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Sales by Region (2019-2024)
7.3.2 Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Sales by Region (2024-2030)
7.4 North America
7.4.1 North America Neck and Shoulder Massager Sales by Country (2019-2030)
7.4.2 U.S.
7.4.3 Canada
7.5 Europe
7.5.1 Europe Neck and Shoulder Massager Sales by Country (2019-2030)
7.5.2 Germany
7.5.3 France
7.5.4 U.K.
7.5.5 Italy
7.5.6 Russia
7.6 Asia-Pacific
7.6.1 Asia Pacific Neck and Shoulder Massager Sales by Region (2019-2030)
7.6.2 China
7.6.3 Japan
7.6.4 South Korea
7.6.5 India
7.6.6 Southeast Asia
7.6.7 Australia
7.7 Latin America
7.7.1 Latin America Neck and Shoulder Massager Sales by Country (2019-2030)
7.7.2 Mexico
7.7.3 Brazil
7.8 Middle East & Africa
7.8.1 Middle East and Africa Neck and Shoulder Massager Sales by Country (2019-2030)
7.8.2 Turkey
7.8.3 Saudi Arabia
7.8.4 U.A.E
8 Value Chain and Channels Analysis
8.1 Neck and Shoulder Massager Value Chain Analysis
8.2 Neck and Shoulder Massager Key Raw Materials
8.2.1 Key Raw Materials
8.2.2 Raw Materials Key Suppliers
8.3 Neck and Shoulder Massager Production Mode & Process
8.4 Neck and Shoulder Massager Sales and Marketing
8.4.1 Neck and Shoulder Massager Sales Channels
8.4.2 Neck and Shoulder Massager Distributors
8.5 Neck and Shoulder Massager Customers
9 Market Drivers, Opportunities, Challenges and Risks Factors Analysis
9.1 Neck and Shoulder Massager Industry Trends
9.2 Neck and Shoulder Massager Market Drivers
9.3 Neck and Shoulder Massager Market Challenges
9.4 Neck and Shoulder Massager Market Restraints
9.5 Neck and Shoulder Massager Market Technology Analysis
10 Research Findings and Conclusion
11 Methodology and Data Source
11.1 Methodology
11.1.1 Research Process
11.1.2 Market Size Estimation
11.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
11.2 Data Source
11.2.1 Legal Disclaimer
List of Tables and Figures
Figure Neck and Shoulder Massager Picture
Table Product Definition of Neck and Shoulder Massager
Table Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030
Table Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030
Figure Years Considered
Table Inflation Analysis
Table The Impact of the Russian-Ukrainian War on the Market
Figure (COVID-19) Impact on Global Economic Growth 2019, 2020, 2021
Figure Population infected by the Covid-19 of Major Countries
Table Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Production by Players (2019-2024)
Table Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Production Market Share by Players (2019-2024)
Figure Top 5 Largest Players of Neck and Shoulder Massager in 2024
Figure Top 10 Largest Players of Neck and Shoulder Massager in 2024
Table Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Revenue by Players (2019-2024)
Table Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Revenue Market Share by Players (2019-2024)
Figure Top 5 Largest Players of Neck and Shoulder Massager in 2024
Figure Top 10 Largest Players of Neck and Shoulder Massager in 2024
Table Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Production Price by Players
Table Players Market Concentration Ratio (CR5)
Table Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Players Geographical Distribution
Table Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table Company Profiles
Table OGAWA Overview
Table OGAWA Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table OGAWA Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Inada Overview
Table Inada Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Inada Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table BODYFRIEND Overview
Table BODYFRIEND Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table BODYFRIEND Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Panasonic Overview
Table Panasonic Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Panasonic Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table OSIM International Overview
Table OSIM International Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table OSIM International Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Rotai Overview
Table Rotai Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Rotai Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Daito-THRIVE Overview
Table Daito-THRIVE Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Daito-THRIVE Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table HoMedics Overview
Table HoMedics Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table HoMedics Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Casada Overview
Table Casada Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Casada Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Beurer Overview
Table Beurer Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Beurer Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Human Touch Overview
Table Human Touch Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Human Touch Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table HealthmateForever Overview
Table HealthmateForever Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table HealthmateForever Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table JSB Healthcare Overview
Table JSB Healthcare Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table JSB Healthcare Related Developments
Table Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Production by Type (2019-2024)
Table Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Production Share by Type (2019-2024)
Table Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Forecasted Production by Type (2024-2030)
Table Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Forecasted Production Share by Type (2024-2030)
Table Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Value by Type (2019-2024)
Table Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Value Share by Type (2019-2024)
Table Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Forecasted Value by Type (2024-2030)
Table Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Forecasted Value Share by Type (2024-2030)
Table Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Price by Type (2019-2024)
Table Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Price Forecast by Type (2024-2030)
Table Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Consumption by Application (2019-2024)
Table Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Consumption Share by Application (2019-2024)
Table Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Forecasted Consumption by Application (2024-2030)
Table Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Forecasted Consumption Share by Application (2024-2030)
Table Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Revenue by Application (2019-2024)
Table Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Revenue Share by Application (2019-2024)
Table Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Forecasted Revenue by Application (2024-2030)
Table Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Forecasted Revenue Share by Application (2024-2030)
Table Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Price by Application (2019-2024)
Table Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Price Forecast by Application (2024-2030)
Figure Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Production (2019-2030)
Figure Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Value (2019-2030)
Table Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Production by Region: 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030
Table Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Historic Production by Region (2019-2024)
Table Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Historic Production Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Historic Value by Region (2019-2024)
Table Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Historic Value Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Forecasted Production by Region (2024-2030)
Table Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Forecasted Production Share by Region (2024-2030)
Table Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Forecasted Value by Region (2024-2030)
Table Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Forecasted Value Share by Region (2024-2030)
Figure North America Neck and Shoulder Massager Production (2019-2030)
Figure North America Neck and Shoulder Massager Value (2019-2030)
Table North America Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table SWOT Analysis
Figure Europe Neck and Shoulder Massager Production (2019-2030)
Figure Europe Neck and Shoulder Massager Value (2019-2030)
Table Europe Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table SWOT Analysis
Figure China Neck and Shoulder Massager Production (2019-2030)
Figure China Neck and Shoulder Massager Value (2019-2030)
Table China Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table SWOT Analysis
Figure Japan Neck and Shoulder Massager Production (2019-2030)
Figure Japan Neck and Shoulder Massager Value (2019-2030)
Table Japan Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table SWOT Analysis
Figure Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Sales Estimates and Forecasts 2019-2030
Table Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Sales by Region: 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030
Table Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Sales by Region (2019-2024)
Table Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Sales Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Sales by Region (2024-2030)
Table Global Neck and Shoulder Massager Sales Share by Region (2024-2030)
Figure North America Neck and Shoulder Massager Sales (2019-2030)
Table North America Neck and Shoulder Massager Sales by Country (2019-2030)
Table North America Neck and Shoulder Massager Sales Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure United States Neck and Shoulder Massager Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Canada Neck and Shoulder Massager Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Europe Neck and Shoulder Massager Sales (2019-2030)
Table Europe Neck and Shoulder Massager Sales by Country (2019-2030)
Table Europe Neck and Shoulder Massager Sales Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure Germany Neck and Shoulder Massager Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure France Neck and Shoulder Massager Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure U.K. Neck and Shoulder Massager Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Italy Neck and Shoulder Massager Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Russia Neck and Shoulder Massager Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Asia-Pacific Neck and Shoulder Massager Sales (2019-2030)
Table Asia Pacific Neck and Shoulder Massager Sales by Region (2019-2030)
Table Asia Pacific Neck and Shoulder Massager Sales Share by Region (2019-2030)
Figure China Neck and Shoulder Massager Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Japan Neck and Shoulder Massager Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure South Korea Neck and Shoulder Massager Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure India Neck and Shoulder Massager Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Southeast Asia Neck and Shoulder Massager Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Australia Neck and Shoulder Massager Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Latin America Neck and Shoulder Massager Sales (2019-2030)
Table Latin America Neck and Shoulder Massager Sales by Country (2019-2030)
Table Latin America Neck and Shoulder Massager Sales Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure Mexico Neck and Shoulder Massager Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Brazil Neck and Shoulder Massager Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Middle East & Africa Neck and Shoulder Massager Sales (2019-2030)
Table Middle East and Africa Neck and Shoulder Massager Sales by Country (2019-2030)
Table Middle East and Africa Neck and Shoulder Massager Sales Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure Turkey Neck and Shoulder Massager Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Saudi Arabia Neck and Shoulder Massager Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure U.A.E Neck and Shoulder Massager Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Table Raw Material
Table Raw Materials Key Suppliers
Figure Sales Channels
Table Major Distributors of Neck and Shoulder Massager with Contact Information
Table Major Customers of Neck and Shoulder Massager with Contact Information
Table Research Process
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report