In terms of market side, this report researches the Cosmetic Ingredients revenue, growth rate, market share by manufacturers, by type, by application and by region (region level and country level), from 2019 to 2024, and forecast to 2030.

The global Cosmetic Ingredients market size in 2023 is 33824.0 million US dollars, and it is expected to be 49859.7 million US dollars by 2030, with a compound annual growth rate of 5.7% expected in 2024-2030.

MARKET COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE:
The main players in the Cosmetic Ingredients market include Clariant AG, Solvay S.A., BASF SE, Dow Chemical Company, and Eastman Chemical Company. The share of the top 3 players in the Cosmetic Ingredients market is XX%.

REGION SHARE:
The report covers the market size information of North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa, and North America accounted for XX%, Europe accounted for XX% of Cosmetic Ingredients market, and Asia Pacific accounted for XX%.

SEGMENT OVERVIEW:
The report segments the market by Type and Application. Surfactant accounted for XX% of Cosmetic Ingredients market in 2023. Emollient share of XX%.
Skin Care accounted for XX% of the Cosmetic Ingredients market in 2023. Oral Care accounts for XX%.

Report Includes:
This report presents an overview of global market for Cosmetic Ingredients. Analyses of the global market trends, with historic market revenue data for 2019 - 2023, estimates for 2024, and projections of CAGR through 2030.
This report researches the key players of Cosmetic Ingredients, also provides the consumption of main regions and countries. Highlights of the upcoming market potential for Cosmetic Ingredients, and key regions/countries of focus to forecast this market into various segments and sub-segments. Country specific data and market value analysis for the U.S., Canada, Mexico, Brazil, China, Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asia, India, Germany, the U.K., Italy, Middle East, Africa, and Other Countries.

This report focuses on the Cosmetic Ingredients market share and industry ranking of main players, data from 2019 to 2024. Identification of the major stakeholders in the global Cosmetic Ingredients market, and analysis of their competitive landscape and market positioning based on recent developments and segmental revenues. This report will help stakeholders to understand the competitive landscape and gain more insights and position their businesses and market strategies in a better way.

This report analyzes the segments data by Type and by Application, from 2019 to 2030. Evaluation and forecast the market size for Cosmetic Ingredients sales, projected growth trends, technology, application and end-user industry.

Chapter Outline
Chapter 1: Introduces the product overview, market scope, economic analysis of global regions, and industry dynamic analysis, and then includes inflation analysis, the impact of the Russo-Ukrainian war on the market, and the global impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19).
Chapters 2-4: Segmented the global Cosmetic Ingredients market by type, application and region. Analyze the revenue, sales and price of market segments from different perspectives.
Chapters 5-9: Provide North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America and Middle East & Africa Cosmetic Ingredients market region sales and revenue data, and includes PEST Analysis.
Chapter 10: Analysis of the competitive environment of Cosmetic Ingredients market participants. This mainly includes the revenue, sales, market share, and average price of the top players, along with the players” M&A and New Entrants and Expansion Plans.
Chapter 11: Analyzes the main companies in the Cosmetic Ingredients industry, including their main businesses, products/services, sales, prices, revenue, gross margin, and the latest developments.
Chapter 12: Analyzes the Cosmetic Ingredients manufacturing cost, including raw material analysis, manufacturing cost structure, and industrial chain.
Chapter 13: Analyzes the Cosmetic Ingredients industry chain, including marketing channels, distributors and major downstream buyers.
Chapters 14-16: Provide detailed Cosmetic Ingredients market forecast data, broken down by type, application, and region to help understand future growth trends.
Chapter 17: The main points and conclusions of the report.
Chapter 18: Concludes with an explanation of the data sources and research methods.

Highlights-Regions
North America
United States
Canada
Europe
Germany
France
UK
Italy
Russia
Spain
Nordic
Asia Pacific
China
Japan
South Korea
India
Southeast Asia
Australia
Latin America
Brazil
Mexico
Argentina
Middle East & Africa
Egypt
South Africa
UAE
Turkey
Saudi Arabia

Player list
Clariant AG
Solvay S.A.
BASF SE
Dow Chemical Company
Eastman Chemical Company
Croda International PLC
Estee Lauder Company
Ashland Global Specialty Chemicals
Lonza Group Ltd.
Wacker Chemie AG

Types list
Surfactant
Emollient
Polymer
Oleo-chemical
Botanical Extract
Rheology Modifier
Preservatives
Antioxidant
Emulsifier & Stabilizer
Others

Application list
Skin Care
Oral Care
Hair Care
Body Care

Table of Content

1 Cosmetic Ingredients Market Introduction and Overview
1.1 Cosmetic Ingredients Definition
1.2 Research Purposes
1.3 Report Timeline
1.4 Economic Analysis of Global Regions
1.5 Cosmetic Ingredients Industry Dynamic Analysis
1.5.1 Cosmetic Ingredients Market Trends Analysis
1.5.2 Cosmetic Ingredients Market Drivers Analysis
1.5.3 Cosmetic Ingredients Market Challenges Analysis
1.5.4 Cosmetic Ingredients Market Restraints Analysis
1.6 Inflation Analysis
1.7 The Impact of the Russian-Ukrainian War on the Market
1.8 Coronavirus Disease 2020 (COVID-19) Impact on Global
2 Global Cosmetic Ingredients Market Insights by Type
2.1 Market Size Insights by Types
2.2 Global Cosmetic Ingredients Revenue and Share by Type
2.3 Global Cosmetic Ingredients Sales and Share by Type
3 Global Cosmetic Ingredients Market Insights by Application
3.1 Market Size Insights by Application
3.2 Global Cosmetic Ingredients Revenue and Share by Application (2019-2024)
3.3 Global Cosmetic Ingredients Sales and Share by Application (2019-2024)
4 Global Market Growth Insights
4.1 Global Cosmetic Ingredients Market Size (2019-2024)
4.2 Cosmetic Ingredients Growth Insights by Regions
4.2.1 Cosmetic Ingredients Market Size by Regions: 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030
4.2.2 Cosmetic Ingredients Revenue Market Size by Regions (2019-2024)
4.2.3 Cosmetic Ingredients Sales Market Size by Regions (2019-2024)
4.2.4 North America Cosmetic Ingredients Market Size (2019-2024)
4.2.5 Europe Cosmetic Ingredients Market Size (2019-2024)
4.2.6 Asia-Pacific Cosmetic Ingredients Market Size (2019-2024)
4.2.7 Latin America Cosmetic Ingredients Market Size (2019-2024)
4.2.8 Middle East & Africa Cosmetic Ingredients Market Size (2019-2024)
5 North America
5.1 North America Cosmetic Ingredients Revenue by Countries
5.1.1 North America Cosmetic Ingredients Revenue by Countries (2019-2024)
5.1.2 North America Cosmetic Ingredients Sales by Countries (2019-2024)
5.2 North America PEST Analysis
5.3 United States
5.4 Canada
6 Asia Pacific
6.1 Asia Pacific Cosmetic Ingredients Revenue by Countries
6.1.1 Asia Pacific Cosmetic Ingredients Revenue by Countries (2019-2024)
6.1.2 Asia Pacific Cosmetic Ingredients Sales by Countries (2019-2024)
6.2 Asia-Pacific PEST Analysis
6.3 China
6.4 Japan
6.5 Korea
6.6 Southeast Asia
6.7 India
6.8 Australia
7 Europe
7.1 Europe Cosmetic Ingredients Revenue by Countries
7.1.1 Europe Cosmetic Ingredients Revenue by Countries (2019-2024)
7.1.2 Europe Cosmetic Ingredients Sales by Countries (2019-2024)
7.2 Europe PEST Analysis
7.3 Germany
7.4 France
7.5 UK
7.6 Italy
7.7 Russia
7.8 Spain
7.9 Nordic
8 Latin America
8.1 Latin America Cosmetic Ingredients Revenue by Countries
8.1.1 Latin America Cosmetic Ingredients Revenue by Countries (2019-2024)
8.1.2 Latin America Cosmetic Ingredients Sales by Countries (2019-2024)
8.2 Latin America PEST Analysis
8.3 Brazil
8.4 Argentina
8.5 Mexico
9 Middle East & Africa
9.1 Middle East & Africa Cosmetic Ingredients Revenue by Countries
9.1.1 Middle East & Africa Cosmetic Ingredients Revenue by Countries (2019-2024)
9.1.2 Middle East & Africa Cosmetic Ingredients Sales by Countries (2019-2024)
9.2 Middle East & Africa PEST Analysis
9.3 Egypt
9.4 South Africa
9.5 UAE
9.6 Turkey
9.7 Saudi Arabia
10 Global Cosmetic Ingredients Market Competition, by Players
10.1 Global Cosmetic Ingredients Revenue and Market Share by Players
10.2 Market Concentration Rate
10.2.1 Top 3 Cosmetic Ingredients Players Market Share in 2023
10.2.2 Top 6 Cosmetic Ingredients Players Market Share in 2023
10.2.3 Market Competition Trend
10.3 Cosmetic Ingredients Players Head Office, Business Provided
10.4 Cosmetic Ingredients Mergers & Acquisitions
10.5 Cosmetic Ingredients New Entrants and Expansion Plans
11 Players Profiles
11.1 Clariant AG
11.1.1 Clariant AG Company Profile
11.1.2 Cosmetic Ingredients Product Overview
11.1.3 Clariant AG Cosmetic Ingredients Market Performance (2019-2024)
11.1.4 Clariant AG Business Overview
11.1.5 Recent Developments and Plans
11.2 Solvay S.A.
11.2.1 Solvay S.A. Company Profile
11.2.2 Cosmetic Ingredients Product Overview
11.2.3 Solvay S.A. Cosmetic Ingredients Market Performance (2019-2024)
11.2.4 Solvay S.A. Business Overview
11.2.5 Recent Developments and Plans
11.3 BASF SE
11.3.1 BASF SE Company Profile
11.3.2 Cosmetic Ingredients Product Overview
11.3.3 BASF SE Cosmetic Ingredients Market Performance (2019-2024)
11.3.4 BASF SE Business Overview
11.3.5 Recent Developments and Plans
11.4 Dow Chemical Company
11.4.1 Dow Chemical Company Company Profile
11.4.2 Cosmetic Ingredients Product Overview
11.4.3 Dow Chemical Company Cosmetic Ingredients Market Performance (2019-2024)
11.4.4 Dow Chemical Company Business Overview
11.4.5 Recent Developments and Plans
11.5 Eastman Chemical Company
11.5.1 Eastman Chemical Company Company Profile
11.5.2 Cosmetic Ingredients Product Overview
11.5.3 Eastman Chemical Company Cosmetic Ingredients Market Performance (2019-2024)
11.5.4 Eastman Chemical Company Business Overview
11.5.5 Recent Developments and Plans
11.6 Croda International PLC
11.6.1 Croda International PLC Company Profile
11.6.2 Cosmetic Ingredients Product Overview
11.6.3 Croda International PLC Cosmetic Ingredients Market Performance (2019-2024)
11.6.4 Croda International PLC Business Overview
11.6.5 Recent Developments and Plans
11.7 Estee Lauder Company
11.7.1 Estee Lauder Company Company Profile
11.7.2 Cosmetic Ingredients Product Overview
11.7.3 Estee Lauder Company Cosmetic Ingredients Market Performance (2019-2024)
11.7.4 Estee Lauder Company Business Overview
11.7.5 Recent Developments and Plans
11.8 Ashland Global Specialty Chemicals
11.8.1 Ashland Global Specialty Chemicals Company Profile
11.8.2 Cosmetic Ingredients Product Overview
11.8.3 Ashland Global Specialty Chemicals Cosmetic Ingredients Market Performance (2019-2024)
11.8.4 Ashland Global Specialty Chemicals Business Overview
11.8.5 Recent Developments and Plans
11.9 Lonza Group Ltd.
11.9.1 Lonza Group Ltd. Company Profile
11.9.2 Cosmetic Ingredients Product Overview
11.9.3 Lonza Group Ltd. Cosmetic Ingredients Market Performance (2019-2024)
11.9.4 Lonza Group Ltd. Business Overview
11.9.5 Recent Developments and Plans
11.10 Wacker Chemie AG
11.10.1 Wacker Chemie AG Company Profile
11.10.2 Cosmetic Ingredients Product Overview
11.10.3 Wacker Chemie AG Cosmetic Ingredients Market Performance (2019-2024)
11.10.4 Wacker Chemie AG Business Overview
11.10.5 Recent Developments and Plans
12 Cosmetic Ingredients Manufacturing Cost Analysis
12.1 Cosmetic Ingredients Key Raw Materials Analysis
12.1.1 Key Raw Materials
12.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
12.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
12.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
12.2.1 Raw Materials
12.2.2 Labor Cost
12.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses
12.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Cosmetic Ingredients
12.4 Cosmetic Ingredients Industrial Chain Analysis
13 Market Channel, Distributors, Traders and Dealers
13.1 Market Channel Status
13.1.1 Direct Marketing
13.1.2 Indirect Marketing
13.2 Cosmetic Ingredients Typical Distributors
13.3 Cosmetic Ingredients Typical Customers
14 Global Cosmetic Ingredients Forecast Market Insights by Type
14.1 Global Cosmetic Ingredients Revenue Market Forecast by Type (2024-2030)
14.2 Global Cosmetic Ingredients Sales Market Forecast by Type (2024-2030)
15 Global Cosmetic Ingredients Forecast Market Insights by Application
15.1 Cosmetic Ingredients Revenue Market Forecast by Application (2024-2030)
15.2 Cosmetic Ingredients Sales Market Forecast by Application (2024-2030)
16 Global Market Growth Forecast Insights
16.1 Global Cosmetic Ingredients Forecast Market Size (2024-2030)
16.2 Cosmetic Ingredients Growth Forecast Insights by Regions
16.2.1 Cosmetic Ingredients Revenue Forecast Market Size by Regions (2024-2030)
16.2.2 Cosmetic Ingredients Sales Forecast Market Size by Regions (2024-2030)
16.2.3 North America Cosmetic Ingredients Forecast Market Size (2024-2030)
16.2.4 Europe Cosmetic Ingredients Forecast Market Size (2024-2030)
16.2.5 Asia-Pacific Cosmetic Ingredients Forecast Market Size (2024-2030)
16.2.6 Latin America Cosmetic Ingredients Forecast Market Size (2024-2030)
16.2.7 Middle East & Africa Cosmetic Ingredients Forecast Market Size (2024-2030)
17 Research Findings and Conclusion
18 Methodology and Data Source
18.1 A Methodology
18.1.1 Research Process
18.1.2 Market Size Estimation
18.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
18.2 B Data Source
18.2.1 Legal Disclaimer

List of Tables and Figures

Figure Cosmetic Ingredients Picture
Table Product Definition of Cosmetic Ingredients
Table Global Cosmetic Ingredients Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030
Table Global Cosmetic Ingredients Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030
Figure Years Considered
Table Inflation Analysis
Table The Impact of the Russian-Ukrainian War on the Market
Figure (COVID-19) Impact on Global Economic Growth 2019, 2020, 2021
Figure Population infected by the Covid-19 of Major Countries
Table Global Cosmetic Ingredients Production by Players (2019-2024)
Table Global Cosmetic Ingredients Production Market Share by Players (2019-2024)
Figure Top 5 Largest Players of Cosmetic Ingredients in 2024
Figure Top 10 Largest Players of Cosmetic Ingredients in 2024
Table Global Cosmetic Ingredients Revenue by Players (2019-2024)
Table Global Cosmetic Ingredients Revenue Market Share by Players (2019-2024)
Figure Top 5 Largest Players of Cosmetic Ingredients in 2024
Figure Top 10 Largest Players of Cosmetic Ingredients in 2024
Table Global Cosmetic Ingredients Production Price by Players
Table Players Market Concentration Ratio (CR5)
Table Global Cosmetic Ingredients Players Geographical Distribution
Table Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table Company Profiles
Table Clariant AG Overview
Table Clariant AG Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Clariant AG Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Solvay S.A. Overview
Table Solvay S.A. Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Solvay S.A. Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table BASF SE Overview
Table BASF SE Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table BASF SE Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Dow Chemical Company Overview
Table Dow Chemical Company Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Dow Chemical Company Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Eastman Chemical Company Overview
Table Eastman Chemical Company Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Eastman Chemical Company Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Croda International PLC Overview
Table Croda International PLC Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Croda International PLC Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Estee Lauder Company Overview
Table Estee Lauder Company Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Estee Lauder Company Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Ashland Global Specialty Chemicals Overview
Table Ashland Global Specialty Chemicals Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Ashland Global Specialty Chemicals Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Lonza Group Ltd. Overview
Table Lonza Group Ltd. Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Lonza Group Ltd. Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Wacker Chemie AG Overview
Table Wacker Chemie AG Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Wacker Chemie AG Related Developments
Table Global Cosmetic Ingredients Production by Type (2019-2024)
Table Global Cosmetic Ingredients Production Share by Type (2019-2024)
Table Global Cosmetic Ingredients Forecasted Production by Type (2024-2030)
Table Global Cosmetic Ingredients Forecasted Production Share by Type (2024-2030)
Table Global Cosmetic Ingredients Value by Type (2019-2024)
Table Global Cosmetic Ingredients Value Share by Type (2019-2024)
Table Global Cosmetic Ingredients Forecasted Value by Type (2024-2030)
Table Global Cosmetic Ingredients Forecasted Value Share by Type (2024-2030)
Table Global Cosmetic Ingredients Price by Type (2019-2024)
Table Global Cosmetic Ingredients Price Forecast by Type (2024-2030)
Table Global Cosmetic Ingredients Consumption by Application (2019-2024)
Table Global Cosmetic Ingredients Consumption Share by Application (2019-2024)
Table Global Cosmetic Ingredients Forecasted Consumption by Application (2024-2030)
Table Global Cosmetic Ingredients Forecasted Consumption Share by Application (2024-2030)
Table Global Cosmetic Ingredients Revenue by Application (2019-2024)
Table Global Cosmetic Ingredients Revenue Share by Application (2019-2024)
Table Global Cosmetic Ingredients Forecasted Revenue by Application (2024-2030)
Table Global Cosmetic Ingredients Forecasted Revenue Share by Application (2024-2030)
Table Global Cosmetic Ingredients Price by Application (2019-2024)
Table Global Cosmetic Ingredients Price Forecast by Application (2024-2030)
Figure Global Cosmetic Ingredients Production (2019-2030)
Figure Global Cosmetic Ingredients Value (2019-2030)
Table Global Cosmetic Ingredients Production by Region: 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030
Table Global Cosmetic Ingredients Historic Production by Region (2019-2024)
Table Global Cosmetic Ingredients Historic Production Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table Global Cosmetic Ingredients Historic Value by Region (2019-2024)
Table Global Cosmetic Ingredients Historic Value Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table Global Cosmetic Ingredients Forecasted Production by Region (2024-2030)
Table Global Cosmetic Ingredients Forecasted Production Share by Region (2024-2030)
Table Global Cosmetic Ingredients Forecasted Value by Region (2024-2030)
Table Global Cosmetic Ingredients Forecasted Value Share by Region (2024-2030)
Figure North America Cosmetic Ingredients Production (2019-2030)
Figure North America Cosmetic Ingredients Value (2019-2030)
Table North America Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table SWOT Analysis
Figure Europe Cosmetic Ingredients Production (2019-2030)
Figure Europe Cosmetic Ingredients Value (2019-2030)
Table Europe Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table SWOT Analysis
Figure China Cosmetic Ingredients Production (2019-2030)
Figure China Cosmetic Ingredients Value (2019-2030)
Table China Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table SWOT Analysis
Figure Japan Cosmetic Ingredients Production (2019-2030)
Figure Japan Cosmetic Ingredients Value (2019-2030)
Table Japan Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table SWOT Analysis
Figure Global Cosmetic Ingredients Sales Estimates and Forecasts 2019-2030
Table Global Cosmetic Ingredients Sales by Region: 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030
Table Global Cosmetic Ingredients Sales by Region (2019-2024)
Table Global Cosmetic Ingredients Sales Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table Global Cosmetic Ingredients Sales by Region (2024-2030)
Table Global Cosmetic Ingredients Sales Share by Region (2024-2030)
Figure North America Cosmetic Ingredients Sales (2019-2030)
Table North America Cosmetic Ingredients Sales by Country (2019-2030)
Table North America Cosmetic Ingredients Sales Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure United States Cosmetic Ingredients Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Canada Cosmetic Ingredients Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Europe Cosmetic Ingredients Sales (2019-2030)
Table Europe Cosmetic Ingredients Sales by Country (2019-2030)
Table Europe Cosmetic Ingredients Sales Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure Germany Cosmetic Ingredients Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure France Cosmetic Ingredients Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure U.K. Cosmetic Ingredients Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Italy Cosmetic Ingredients Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Russia Cosmetic Ingredients Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Asia-Pacific Cosmetic Ingredients Sales (2019-2030)
Table Asia Pacific Cosmetic Ingredients Sales by Region (2019-2030)
Table Asia Pacific Cosmetic Ingredients Sales Share by Region (2019-2030)
Figure China Cosmetic Ingredients Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Japan Cosmetic Ingredients Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure South Korea Cosmetic Ingredients Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure India Cosmetic Ingredients Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Southeast Asia Cosmetic Ingredients Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Australia Cosmetic Ingredients Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Latin America Cosmetic Ingredients Sales (2019-2030)
Table Latin America Cosmetic Ingredients Sales by Country (2019-2030)
Table Latin America Cosmetic Ingredients Sales Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure Mexico Cosmetic Ingredients Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Brazil Cosmetic Ingredients Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Middle East & Africa Cosmetic Ingredients Sales (2019-2030)
Table Middle East and Africa Cosmetic Ingredients Sales by Country (2019-2030)
Table Middle East and Africa Cosmetic Ingredients Sales Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure Turkey Cosmetic Ingredients Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Saudi Arabia Cosmetic Ingredients Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure U.A.E Cosmetic Ingredients Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Table Raw Material
Table Raw Materials Key Suppliers
Figure Sales Channels
Table Major Distributors of Cosmetic Ingredients with Contact Information
Table Major Customers of Cosmetic Ingredients with Contact Information
Table Research Process
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report